Electric car motor design pdf

An electric car is a car powered by an electric car motor rather than a gasoline engine. Pdf electric vehicle pdf download basics of electric car pdf. Several different versions of the competition exist, ranging from gas powered ice cars to hybrid to full electric cars. What kinds of electric car motors are the most popular for conversions there are a lot of electric motors out there, but just a few make up the majority of the motors being used in electric cars. The i3 batteryelectric fivedoor hatchbacks 125kilowatt 170horsepower electric motor can generate peak torque of 184 lbft. The shortest possible answer to the question of why tesla motors uses a 3phase 4pole ac induction motor to power all its cars is of course because. Ev power systems motors and controllers the power system of an electric vehicle consists of just two components. Engine design, sizing and operation in hybrid electric. The traction motor is suitable for a range of vehicle applications, from medium size passenger cars to light duty commercial vehicles. Under the normal mode of operation, a typical electric motor drive designed for industrial applications can provide constant rated torque up to its base or rated speed. Design of an efficient, low weight battery electric. As a result, model s acceleration is instantaneous, silent and smooth. Thus the torque is proportional 2to i so it gives the highest torque per current ratio over all other dc motors.

The amount of torque that the driving motor delivers is what plays a decisive role in. This conversion is usually obtained through the generation of a magnetic field by means of a current flowing into one or more coils. Motors electric motors, both ac and dc types, come in many shapes and sizes. Top 20 electric motor manufacturers in 2019 electric motor. Design and control of the induction motor propulsion of an electric vehicle bekheira tabbache, abdelaziz kheloui, mohamed benbouzid to cite this version.

He has 20 years of consulting experience with dupont. Bekheira tabbache, abdelaziz kheloui, mohamed benbouzid. Design and control of the induction motor propulsion of an electric vehicle. The document can be shared to the needful so that they never miss the basic information about electric vehicle. Pdf a hybrid electric vehicle motor cooling system design. Multiple drive systems per vehicle can be supported due to the safety case and levels of torque integrity employed. In 2009, the inaugural race for electric motorcycles at the isle of man was won using an agni motor based on lynchs designs. Electric motors defined as electromechanical devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. The first option only makes sense for high volume, mass production of electric vehicle. As told earlier, the battery used for this car is very expensive. Much of its safety is owed to the unique electric drivetrain that sits beneath the. Teslas 3phase 4pole ac induction motor why nikola tesla. Nov 15, 2018 an electric car is an automobile by itself and consists of many components and a large cluster of wires connecting them all.

This chapter mainly addresses the design of electric propulsion systems and energy storage devices, the design of traction motor and transmission, the prediction of vehicle performance, and. Zytek have developed a high power, compact, electric drive package comprising. Looking for a high reliability, high efficiency and high powertosize ratio motor. Electric vehicles are using electric machines for propulsion and energy recuperation. The mechanical energy can be used to perform work such as rotating a pump impeller, fan, blower, driving a compressor, lifting materials etc. An electric motor converts electric energy into mechanical energy, while an electric generator converts mechanical kinetic energy into electrical energy compared to an internal combustion engine, an electric motor has several advantages. At this speed, the motor reaches its rated power limit. The downloadable version of the compiled blog post will be a useful resource for you. New axial flux electric motors pack more ev power in a. Electric motor design of general motors chevrolet bolt. Design and control of the induction motor propulsion of an.

In most cases, electric cars are created by converting a gasolinepowered car, and in that case it is impossible to tell. The motor will accelerate the car from 0 to 60 mph in. Electric motor is the type of motor that is most often used in everyday life. Top 10 electric cars from the cancelled geneva motor show 2020.

The magnet is spun by a 3 phase ac motor with no rotor voltage 4. Teslas electric motor gets very high hp per lb by operating at very high rpm and corresponding high frequency voltage input. Ultimately, motors are the interface between the electrical and mechanical systems of a facility. Bev characteristics in a battery electric vehicle bev all energy to propel the vehicle is carried in batteries, which has major consequences for the vehicle design and performance. Todays automakers use three different types of electric motors in green cars. A block diagram overview of the system, created by brian sennett mit, is presented in figure 2. His brushed dc motor design held the magnets stationary with a spinning armature activated by sliding brushes as the rotor. A new generation of axial flux ev motors design news.

The book deals with the fundamentals, theory, and design of conventional cars with internal combustion engines ices, electric vehicles evs, hybrid. Any player that succeeds in breaking some of the inherent compromises among current technologies will gain a significant advantage in the marketplace. At least one of the two magnetic field is generated by a solenoid carrying a current. The brushless dc motor and its use in electric cars. Stacked lamination thermal conductivity quantified thermal contact resistance between motor laminations supports improved thermal models for motor design and thermal analysis winding effective thermal properties initiated work to measure orthotropic thermal properties. Different types of motors used in electric vehicles. Canadian electric vehicles has universal kits, too, that can be customized to fit any car, but randy doesnt recommend. This high rpm comes with a bit of efficiency penalty, but gains with significant weight and volume savings. The phase relation between the rotor and stator magnetic field i. Youve no doubt heard about this famous characteristic of electric cars.

But there are few basic bare minimum materials for an electric car which is shown in the block diagram below. Figure 9 shows electric motors how permanent magnets always have magnets placed on one side of. A hybrid electric vehicle motor cooling system design. Phevs plugin hybrid electric vehicles use batteries to power an electric motor, plug into the electric grid to charge, and use a petroleumbased or alternative fuel to power the internal combustion engine. Model s is designed from the ground up to be the safest car on the road, as proven by a 5star rating in all categories of the national highway traffic safety administration nhtsa crash test. Table 1 gives an impression of the different possibilities. It is estimated that 25% of the total cars across the world will run on electricity by 2025. It is therefore used in starter motors of cars and elevator motors p. How the sizing of electric motor is done for a electric.

It shares many of the same torque and speed characteristics with the brushed dc motor, but does not include the. The all electric vehicle lost because of the lack of range from current battery technology. A worm gear is used to move the coils away from and towards the magnets. During the infancy of the automobile, electric and gasoline vehicles competed for dominance of the market.

Therefore, it is the ideal motor for lightweight evehicles for recreational uses, for offroad vehicles for example, golf cars or atvs and alternatively for transport vehicles that have limited space, like for example in mail delivery. Working of electric cars electronic circuits and diagrams. In collaboration with a2mac1, a provider of automotive benchmarking services, we conducted a largescale benchmarking of first and secondgeneration ev models, which included physically disassembling ten ev models. The operation beyond the base speed up to the maximum speed is limited to this constant power region. Of course, battery and motor technology has advanced quickly since then, and. Electric motors can be powered by direct current dc sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles. Jan 09, 2018 the secrets of electric cars and their motors. And there is an external spigot on the front cover for fixing the motor to connecting plate or gear box. Its not all about the battery, folks car nuts know precious little about the motors in electric cars, yet theyre central to innovation. Motor torque calculations for electric vehicle saurabh chauhan abstract. This report discusses the design of an accumulator pack and the tractive system for an fsae electric.

The electric motor operation is based on the following points. From the outside, you would probably have no idea that a car is electric. Aevs include battery electric vehicles bevs and fuel cell electric vehicles fcevs. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motors magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motors shaft. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic physical process involved in their operation is the conversion. The core element of the ev, apart from electric vehicle batteries, which replaces the internal combustion engines is an electric motor. Dont wash the controller in spite of the waterproof design. This compound motor uses each motor as a different gear. This is because the electric motor has several advantages that are not owned by a dc motor, which is simple. Meanwhile, all oems and suppliers will have to manage the.

Electric cars were popular in the late 19th century and early 20th century, until advances in internal combustion engines, electric starters in particular, and mass production of cheaper petrol gasoline. May 21, 2018 his brushed dc motor design held the magnets stationary with a spinning armature activated by sliding brushes as the rotor. May 30, 2019 the downloadable version of the compiled blog post will be a useful resource for you. When motor speed is up to the top value, the controller will reduce the torque output. The chevrolet bolt bev electric machine rotor design optimizes the magnet placement between the adjacent poles asymmetrically to lower torque ripple and radial force. All electric vehicles evs have an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine. In comparison, the power system of gasolinepowered vehicles consists of a number of components, such as the. He is a registered professional engineer in the state of. Motor model the motor model developed is based on a dc motor with rigid rotor and shaft, and the friction torque is proportional to shaft angular velocity, using the following equations. Some are standardized versions for generalpurpose applications. An electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy stored in rechargeable batteries. Similar to chevrolet spark bev electric motor, a pair of small slots are stamped in each rotor pole near the rotor outer surface to lower torque ripple and radial force. Design and analysis of a battery for a formula electric car.

The all electric vehicle lost because of the lack of. The brushless dc motor bldc motor in electric vehicles. Lightweight, compact, and relatively powerful, the motor was ideal for electric motorcycles. Desired output characteristicsc of electric motor drives in evs.

Before the latest incarnation of electric vehicles, cars already used bldc motors for windshield wipers, cd players, and power windows. With evs becoming massmarket products, it is time for a detailed understanding of technology trends. Like that giant hummer or fullsize pickup that costs 150 bucks to fill the gas tank now, for example. The engine of a conventional ic engine car is replaced by an electrical motor and the fuel tank is replaced by. An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Choice of the traction motor for the electric racing car. The first practical electric cars were produced in the 1880s. Build your own electric car authors note, july 9, 2017hi everyone, there been a lot of views on this project lately. Pdf electric vehicle pdf download basics of electric.

An electric car simply consists of three main components battery, controller and electric motor. A hybrid electric vehicle motor cooling system design, model, and control article pdf available in ieee transactions on vehicular technology pp99. The choice of an electric racing car traction motor is one the main tasks while designing the electric racing car because it is the motor that specifies dynamic and highspeed characteristics. The rapid development in the field of power electronics and control techniques. The vehicle uses a large traction battery pack to power the electric motor and must be plugged in to a charging station or wall outlet to charge. Another clue that the model 3 motor is not using those rareearths in a conventional permanentmagnet motor design is that the car does not do regen all the way down to 0 miles per hour. In all of the competitions, students build cars guided by a set of rules published each year by the society of automotive engineers 1. This year, melbourne university racing is developing its first ever electric car for the fsae competition in addition to the combustion engine car. Mar, 2020 the best electric car designs and latest developments in the industry, including a saltpowered electric car and rumours about an appledesigned electric vehicle. The rotor has salient poles and a cage so that it starts like an induction motor, and runs like a synchronous motor.

May 06, 2018 this video is one segment of an instructional video i created in 2010 from a homebuilt electric car i made in 2008. Other members of the family are the directcurrent dc motor or generator, the induction motor or generator, and a number of derivatives of all these three. May 03, 2018 electric motors are the beating heart of any electric vehicle, and thanks to a startup in belgium, your next evs motor could be stronger, smaller and more efficient. An important component that is an integral part of all electric vehicles is the motor. An introduction to electric motors stmicroelectronics. Tesla model 3 motor everything ive been able to learn. Designing and manufacturing an electric machine requires a lot of funding, knowledge and time. The electric drag racers burn a lot of tire rubber with this motor, and if laying down long black tracks and clouds of smoke is your thing, this is the motor you want the good. This video is one segment of an instructional video i created in 2010 from a homebuilt electric car i made in 2008. Batteries for electric cars 3 to coexist for some time as technologies evolve and intellectualproperty ownership gets sorted out. Figure 58 shows how the different gears are activated. Teslas 3phase 4pole ac induction motor why nikola teslas 19th century induction motor is the ideal choice for the 21st century electric car. Most popular electric car motors electric cars are for girls.

Uses soft magnet rotor that is magnetized by the application of current in the stator coils 3. Because it runs on electricity, the vehicle emits no exhaust from a tailpipe. The best electric car designs and latest developments in the industry, including a saltpowered electric car and rumours about an appledesigned electric vehicle. Much has changed since i originally built this car, including the fact that there are a lot of great commercially. The torque is transmitted by joining the shaft of motor with the shaft of gear box. By using lead acid batteries, the weight of the car increases a lot pounds.